In tables and text that analyze survey findings on Black Protestants and Catholics, the category “ other Christians” refers to a group composed mostly of Jehovah’s Witnesses, but also Orthodox Christians, members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (also known as Mormons) and other groups. This category also includes smaller numbers of congregations where the majority of the congregation is not Black, but senior religious leaders are Black congregations where all or most attendees are Black but the senior religious leaders are not and congregations where the senior religious leadership is multiracial – regardless of the race of the congregation. Multiracial churches and congregations are primarily those where the respondent said that no single race comprises a majority of attendees – regardless of the race of the religious leaders. White or other race churches and congregations are those where the respondent said that either most attendees are White most attendees are Asian most attendees are Hispanic or most attendees are of a different (non-Black) race, and the same is true of the senior religious leaders. Throughout this report, Black churches and congregations are defined as those where the respondent said that all or most attendees are Black and the senior religious leaders are Black. The exact wording of the questions used in this analysis can be found here. For more information, see the Methodology for this report. 19, 2019, to June 3, 2020, but most respondents completed the survey between Jan. Survey respondents were recruited from four nationally representative sources: Pew Research Center’s American Trends Panel (conducted online), NORC’s AmeriSpeak panel (conducted online or by phone), Ipsos’ KnowledgePanel (conducted online) and a national cross-sectional survey by Pew Research Center (conducted online and by mail). These gave Black religious leaders, lay believers and nonbelievers an opportunity to describe their religious experiences in their own words. The survey was complemented by guided, small-group discussions with Black adults of various ages and religious leanings, as well as in-depth interviews with Black clergy. Because the study focuses on faith among Black Americans, it also examines Protestants who attend Black churches, Protestants who attend churches where the majority is White or another race, Protestants who attend multiracial churches, Black Catholics, Black members of non-Christian faiths and Black Americans who are religiously unaffiliated (identifying as atheist, agnostic or nothing in particular). It can compare Black adults born before 1946 (the Silent Generation and a very small number of those in the Greatest Generation) with Black adults born after 1996 (Generation Z). For example, this study is able to compare the views and experiences of U.S.-born Black Americans with those of Black immigrants from Africa or the Caribbean. The Center recruited such a large sample in order to examine the diversity of the U.S.
The sample consists of a wide range of adults who identify as Black or African American, including some who identify as both Black and Hispanic or Black and another race (such as Black and White, or Black and Asian). Its centerpiece is a nationally representative survey of 8,660 Black adults (ages 18 and older), featuring questions designed to examine Black religious experiences. This study is Pew Research Center’s most comprehensive, in-depth attempt to explore religion among Black Americans.
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